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Optical Nanoscopy

Table 2 Numerical specification values considered for simulation

From: Towards digital photon counting cameras for single-molecule optical nanoscopy

Mechanism

CCD

EMCCD

sCMOS

SPAD array

Incident photons

50-1000

50-1000

50-1000

50-1000

Photon detection efficiency

70%

90%

70%

10%-90%+

Dark noise$

0.0005 cps*

0.001 cps

0.05 cps

20 cps$

CIC noise

0.001 cps

0.0018 cps

-

-

PRNU

-

-

0.5%**

0.5%#

DRNU

-

-

1%**

1%#

Dead time

-

-

-

100 ns

EM amplifier gain

-

1000x

-

-

Excess noise factor

-

√2

-

-

Readout noise

6 e-

0.105 e-

1.3 e-

0

Exposure time

10 ms

10 ms

10 ms

10 ms

  1. The specifications of the CCD camera are based on Hamamatsu Orca-R2. The specifications of the EMCCD camera is based on Andor iXON Ultra 897. sCMOS specifications were based on Hamamatsu Orca-flash 4.0. The SPAD array specifications are based on Powolny et al. (2013).
  2. **PRNU and dark noise variations are obtained after calibrated corrections of FPNs.
  3. #Assumed to be similar to sCMOS cameras.
  4. $Dark noise is estimated at temperatures of -50°C.
  5. *cps: counts per pixel per second.
  6. +: in steps of 10%.
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